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- January 5, 1987SOVIET UNIONPicking Up Where He Left Off
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- Back home in Moscow, Sakharov speaks out on human rights
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- Andrei Sakharov seemed determined to make up for lost time.
- Within moments of returning to Moscow from seven years of
- "internal exile" in the city of Gorky, Sakharov spoke out on
- precisely the issues that landed him in Gorky in January 1980.
- Asked by reporters to comment on Moscow's continuing
- intervention in Afghanistan, Sakharov responded, "I consider
- this the most painful part of our foreign policy." The frail
- nuclear physicist also tackled human rights. "It is
- impermissible for our country to have prisoners of conscience
- and people who suffer for their convictions," he said. "I will
- do everything within my power to have this stopped." One day
- later Sakharov and his wife Elena Bonner issued an appeal on
- behalf of a Soviet family that had been seeking to emigrate to
- France.
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- If Kremlin officials were disturbed by Sakharov's bold behavior,
- they did not show their concern. Indeed, Soviet authorities
- went out of their way to signal a truce with the country's
- leading human rights activist. When asked at a press conference
- if Sakharov might be punished for his Afghanistan comment, Yuri
- Kashlev, a senior Soviet Foreign Ministry official, responded
- mildly, "I do not see anything bad in this comment by Sakharov.
- Indeed, our leadership has stated in the past on many occasions
- that we seek to resolve the problem of Afghanistan as soon as
- possible." As if to reinforce that point, a top Kremlin foreign
- policy adviser told the Washington Post that Moscow plans to
- withdraw its troops even if current efforts for a political
- solution fail.
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- Sakharov and Bonner were instantly surrounded by foreign
- correspondents as the couple stepped off the overnight train
- from Gorky at 7 a.m. last Tuesday at Moscow's Yaroslavsky
- Station. For the next 35 minutes, Sakharov patiently fielded
- questions on the chilly platform. Remarkably, few police
- officers were in evidence. Usually, any public appearance by a
- Soviet dissident is well attended by uniformed and plainclothes
- police, who try to intimidate journalists and passersby. This
- time no attempt was made to disrupt the impromptu news
- conference. Nor was there any police stakeout at the couple's
- tiny seventh-floor apartment on Chkalova Street.
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- Still unanswered were questions about Soviet Leader Mikhail
- Gorbachev's reasons for freeing the couple. When Gorbachev
- phoned the Sakharovs in Gorky on Dec. 16 to invite them to
- return to Moscow, he offered few clues. "Gorbachev is a shrewd
- man, and we may not know yet how shrewd he may have been in this
- case," says a Western diplomat. "Even if Sakharov takes up
- where he left off, it is worth it.
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- Certainly Sakharov's release offers Gorbachev some immediate
- advantages. It eliminates an obvious source of friction in the
- Soviet leader's dealings with Western politicians, who want
- Moscow to improve its human rights policies. The move ensures
- that Sakharov, who at 65 is in delicate health, will not die in
- exile, a politically embarrassing prospect. Early last month
- Soviet Dissident Anatoli Marchenko died in prison of a brain
- hemorrhage following a hunger strike.
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- Sakharov's release seems in keeping with Gorbachev's calls for
- glasnost, or openness. That campaign was evident as the Soviet
- media promptly reported a major methane-gas explosion that
- claimed an undisclosed number of lives in a Ukrainian coal mine.
- Beyond such candor, Gorbachev seeks what he has called a "fresh
- voice" to provide criticism in the one-party Soviet Union. The
- Soviet leader may hope that Sakharov will play that role. If
- not, Sakharov's views may conveniently get lost in the din of
- glasnost. Gorbachev may further hope that Sakharov will give
- Moscow's lagging reform agenda a practical boost at home and a
- political lift abroad. Toward that end, Sakharov played his
- part well. "I have great respect for Mikhail Sergeyevich
- Gorbachev," he told Western reporters. "I find the new policy
- of openness in the country very important."
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